Write a narrative essay in which you address and discuss the question and statement; Law enforcement in America traces its origins to England. Explain early English approaches to community protection and policing in rural and urban areas.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
The Roots of Law Enforcement: Tracing the Origins of American Policing to England
As I sit in the quiet confines of my study, surrounded by piles of books and historical documents, I often find myself pondering the evolution of law enforcement in America. It is a complex tapestry woven with threads of culture, society, and history. One cannot delve into the intricacies of American policing without first acknowledging its roots in early English approaches to community protection and policing.
Early English Approaches to Community Protection
In medieval England, the concept of law enforcement was rudimentary yet effective, primarily centered around community involvement and local governance. The feudal system dictated that the responsibility for maintaining order fell upon the shoulders of local communities. Villagers banded together to form a system known as the tithing, which was a group of ten families who were collectively responsible for each other’s behavior. If one member of a tithing committed a crime, the others would be held accountable and were expected to bring the offender to justice.
As society evolved, so did the methods of community protection. By the thirteenth century, the watchman system emerged in urban areas, particularly in cities like London. The watchmen were volunteers tasked with patrolling the streets at night to deter crime and maintain order. They operated under a simple yet vital principle: visibility equals safety. The watchmen were not armed with weapons but relied on their presence to ward off potential troublemakers. The idea was that a watchman strolling through the streets would make criminals think twice before committing an offense.
The Transition to Formal Policing
As towns grew and urban populations swelled, it became increasingly clear that informal methods of policing were insufficient to maintain public order. The early 19th century marked a pivotal moment in English law enforcement with the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Service in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel. Often hailed as the father of modern policing, Peel introduced a professional police force that operated under a set of principles that emphasized community cooperation and crime prevention.
Peel’s approach was revolutionary; it transformed how communities viewed law enforcement. Police officers—known as “Peelers” or “Bobbies” in honor of Sir Robert—were seen as members of the community rather than outsiders imposing authority. This model laid the groundwork for what would later be adopted in America, where law enforcement officials would also be expected to engage positively with the communities they served.
American Adaptation of English Policing Methods
As settlers arrived in America, they brought with them the English ideals of community protection and policing. However, the vast geographical expanse and cultural diversity in America necessitated adaptations of these early systems. In rural areas, communities often relied on local militias or constables to maintain order. These figures were typically chosen from within the community, echoing the English practice of local governance.
In urban centers that began to sprout across America, such as New York and Boston, the challenges of maintaining order became more pronounced due to population density and social upheaval. Inspired by Peel’s principles, cities began to establish formal police departments. The New York City Police Department (NYPD), formed in 1845, became one of the first organized police forces in America, adopting many elements from its English counterparts.
Reflections on Community Policing Today
As I reflect on these historical developments, I am reminded that the origins of law enforcement in America are deeply intertwined with community values and participation. The early English approaches emphasized the importance of local engagement in maintaining safety—a principle that resonates even today.
Modern community policing efforts aim to foster relationships between law enforcement and community members, promoting collaboration to address public safety concerns. Looking back at how these systems began allows us to understand the potential for restorative practices within policing today.
In conclusion, tracing the origins of law enforcement in America back to early English approaches highlights a rich history rooted in community involvement and shared responsibility. Though methods have evolved over time, the fundamental belief that safety is a collective endeavor remains a guiding principle for effective policing. As we navigate contemporary challenges within law enforcement, it is essential to remember our historical foundations and strive for a policing model that prioritizes community engagement and trust—echoing the wisdom of our predecessors across the ocean.
