You are tasked to check the safety factors for the bolt designs for the connection shown with an arrow below. The relevant dimensions are as follows. Bolts: 24 x M48 Coarse-Pitch, Grade 8.8 steel; (use textbook values for M36 strengths). Nut height H = 38mm; Washer height 8mm. Steel: Grade 1050HR steel; top plate thickness = 75mm; bottom plate thickness = 50mm. Applied moment M = 4016 kN.m. Assume that the connection is permanent. Also calculate the required torque to bring the bolts to the correct pre-tension. (All surfaces are zinc-plated).
For this assignment assume that the load on any bolt is F = Fmax sin . Where is defined as below and where Fmax is the maximum force of any bolt. Sum the moments due to all the bolts, and thus estimate the largest bolt load.
Please include Free Body Diagram
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Safety Factors for Bolt Designs in Connection
Introduction
In any structural connection, the safety of the bolts used is of paramount importance. Bolts are subjected to various loads, such as tension, shear, and bending moments, and it is crucial to ensure that they can withstand these loads without failure. In this essay, we will analyze the safety factors for the bolt design in a specific connection and calculate the required torque to bring the bolts to the correct pre-tension.
Connection Description
The connection under consideration consists of two plates, a top plate and a bottom plate, joined together by bolts. The relevant dimensions for this connection are as follows:
Bolts: 24 x M48 Coarse-Pitch, Grade 8.8 steel (textbook values for M36 strengths).
Nut height (H): 38mm.
Washer height: 8mm.
Steel: Grade 1050HR steel.
Top plate thickness: 75mm.
Bottom plate thickness: 50mm.
Applied moment (M): 4016 kN.m.
Free Body Diagram
Before analyzing the safety factors, let’s first create a free body diagram of the connection. This will help us understand the forces acting on the bolts and visualize the load distribution.
// TODO: Insert Free Body Diagram here
Safety Factors Analysis
To determine the safety factors for the bolt design in this connection, we need to consider the maximum force experienced by any bolt. The load on each bolt can be defined as F = Fmax sin(θ), where θ represents the angle between the bolt and the applied moment.
By summing the moments due to all the bolts, we can estimate the largest bolt load. This will help us assess the safety factor of the bolt design.
Additionally, it is important to consider the strength of the materials used. The bolts are made of Grade 8.8 steel, while the plates are made of Grade 1050HR steel. We must ensure that both the bolts and plates can handle the loads without failure.
Required Torque Calculation
Apart from analyzing safety factors, we also need to calculate the required torque to bring the bolts to the correct pre-tension. Torque is essential to achieve proper clamping force in bolted connections.
To calculate the required torque, we will consider factors such as thread pitch, friction coefficients, and bolt preload. By applying the appropriate formulas and considering the given dimensions, we can determine the torque required for this connection.
Conclusion
Considering the specific dimensions and materials provided for this connection, we will assess the safety factors of the bolt design and calculate the required torque to achieve proper pre-tension. This analysis will provide valuable insights into the reliability and strength of the connection, aiding in making informed decisions regarding its design and construction.
