Review the recording. Security Design Refinement Through Mapping Tactics to Patterns E>. and complete the assigned paper following. Complete the following tasks. using real-world examples. Part I: Provide an example of each of the following tactics:
• Detect attacks
o Detect intrusion
o Detect service denial
o Detect message delay
o Verify Message Integrity
Part II: Provide an example of each of the following:
• Resist attacks
o Identify, authenticate, and authorize actors
o Limit access o Limit exposure
Part III: Provide an example of each of the following:
• Resist attacks:
o Encrypt data
o Validate input
o Separate entities
o Change default settings
Part IV: Provide an example of each of the following:
• React to attacks:
o Revoke access
o Lock access
o Inform actors
• Recover from attacks:
o Maintain audit trail
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Security Design Refinement Through Mapping Tactics to Patterns
Introduction
In today’s digital landscape, organizations face numerous security threats that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their systems and data. To effectively protect against these threats, security design refinement is crucial. This paper explores various tactics that can be employed to enhance security design and provides real-world examples for each tactic. By understanding and implementing these tactics, organizations can strengthen their security posture and mitigate potential risks.
Part I: Detect Attacks
Detect Intrusion:
Example: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are commonly used to detect unauthorized access attempts on a network. These systems monitor network traffic and analyze it for suspicious patterns or anomalies. When an intrusion is detected, alerts are generated, allowing security personnel to investigate and respond promptly.
Detect Service Denial:
Example: Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks aim to overwhelm a target system or network with a flood of traffic, rendering it unavailable to legitimate users. To detect such attacks, organizations can implement traffic monitoring tools that analyze network traffic patterns and identify abnormal traffic spikes. When detected, appropriate measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of the attack.
Detect Message Delay:
Example: Real-time applications, such as voice or video communication systems, require low latency and minimal delay. To detect message delays, organizations can implement monitoring systems that measure the round-trip time (RTT) for messages. If delays exceed predefined thresholds, alerts can be triggered, allowing organizations to investigate and address the issue.
Verify Message Integrity:
Example: Message integrity ensures that data has not been tampered with during transmission. Digital signatures are commonly used to verify message integrity. For instance, in email communications, the sender can digitally sign their messages using a private key. The recipient can then verify the integrity of the message by using the sender’s public key to validate the signature.
Part II: Resist Attacks
Identify, Authenticate, and Authorize Actors:
Example: User authentication mechanisms, such as passwords or biometric authentication, are used to verify the identity of actors accessing a system. Once authenticated, access control mechanisms are employed to authorize specific actions based on the user’s role and privileges. This ensures that only authorized actors can perform certain activities within the system.
Limit Access:
Example: Role-based access control (RBAC) is a common approach to limit access within an organization’s systems. RBAC assigns roles to actors based on their job responsibilities and grants them access rights accordingly. This restricts access to sensitive information and functionalities only to those who require them for their designated roles.
Limit Exposure:
Example: Network segmentation is an effective tactic to limit exposure within an organization’s infrastructure. By dividing the network into separate segments, with restricted communication between them, organizations can contain the impact of a potential breach. For instance, separating production servers from development servers reduces the attack surface and prevents lateral movement by attackers.
Part III: Resist Attacks
Encrypt Data:
Example: Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) protocols are widely used to encrypt data transmitted over networks. For example, when making online purchases, sensitive information such as credit card details is encrypted using SSL/TLS protocols, ensuring that it remains confidential during transmission.
Validate Input:
Example: Input validation is crucial to prevent various types of attacks, such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS). Websites or web applications can implement input validation techniques to ensure that user-supplied data is properly sanitized and does not contain malicious code or unexpected characters.
Separate Entities:
Example: Separation of duties is a security principle that involves dividing critical tasks among multiple individuals or entities to prevent unauthorized actions. For example, in financial institutions, separate individuals are responsible for initiating transactions, approving them, and performing reconciliation. This segregation ensures that no single individual has complete control or authority over all aspects of a transaction.
Change Default Settings:
Example: Many software applications or devices come with default settings that may have known vulnerabilities or weak configurations. Changing default settings to more secure alternatives is essential to resist attacks. For instance, changing default usernames and passwords on network devices or software applications helps prevent unauthorized access by attackers exploiting default credentials.
Part IV: React to Attacks and Recover from Attacks
React to Attacks:
Revoke Access:
Example: In the event of a security breach or suspicious activity, organizations can revoke the access privileges of compromised user accounts or suspect actors. For example, if an employee leaves the company under unfavorable circumstances, their access credentials can be immediately revoked to prevent unauthorized access.
Lock Access:
Example: Account lockouts are a common approach to protect against brute-force attacks on user accounts. When multiple unsuccessful login attempts occur within a short period, the account is temporarily locked, preventing further login attempts. This protects against unauthorized access attempts by automated scripts or attackers trying different password combinations.
Inform Actors:
Example: When an organization detects an attack or data breach, it is crucial to promptly inform affected actors about the incident. This allows them to take necessary actions such as changing passwords, monitoring their accounts for suspicious activities, or reporting any unauthorized transactions.
Recover from Attacks:
Maintain Audit Trail:Example: Maintaining an audit trail of system activities helps in post-incident analysis and recovery from attacks. Logs capturing user actions, system events, and security-related incidents enable organizations to identify the root cause of an attack, assess the impact, and take appropriate measures to prevent similar incidents in the future.
Paper Outline
Title Page
Introduction
Analysis of Each Task with Real-World ExamplesPart I: Detect Attacks
Part II: Resist Attacks
Part III: Resist Attacks
Part IV: React to Attacks and Recover from Attacks
Summary
References
Appendix (if applicable)
In conclusion, by incorporating these tactics into their security design strategies and using real-world examples as illustrations, organizations can enhance their ability to detect attacks, resist them effectively, react promptly when necessary, and recover from potential security incidents. Implementing these tactics will bolster overall security posture and better protect organizational systems and data from various threats in today’s digital landscape.
