• Describe two significant historical trends in nursing education and the ways they have influenced nursing education today. Why are these trends significant, and are they still in use? If so, why have they been so successful? If not, why were they discontinued and how could they have been improved?
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Solution
Nursing education has experienced significant changes throughout history, each of which has had a major impact on the way nursing is taught today. Two such trends are the shift from apprenticeship learning to formal education and the development of nursing schools at universities.
Sample Solution
Nursing education has experienced significant changes throughout history, each of which has had a major impact on the way nursing is taught today. Two such trends are the shift from apprenticeship learning to formal education and the development of nursing schools at universities.
The earliest form of nursing education was through apprenticeships. Apprentices would learn under an established nurse or doctor in order to gain hands-on experience in providing care for patients. This form of learning was successful for many years as it provided nurses with direct knowledge and skills needed to do their job, however it lacked structure and did not allow for much specialization outside of basic medical procedures (McLaughlin, 2018).
In response to this lack of structure, formalized educational programs began appearing in the early 1800s with Florence Nightingale leading the charge (McLaughlin, 2018). These programs included more rigorous academic standards and focused on teaching students topics related to patient care such as nutrition, anatomy, physiology and pharmacology. This shift changed nursing education forever by introducing standardized curriculums that allowed for greater specialization within the field depending on one’s interests or goals. Moreover these programs opened up opportunities for nurses who wanted to pursue higher degrees through universities like Bachelor’s or Master’s degrees in Nursing which increased both salary potential and job prospects (Serafin et al., 2017).
The second trend in nursing education was establishing dedicated schools at colleges and universities specifically aimed at training nurses (Hess & Wessels 2016). Before this there were only a few dedicated hospitals offering diploma programs however they weren’t widely available across all regions because they required large investments that prevented many towns from building them (Hess & Wessels 2016). In comparison having university based schooling made it much easier for students all over the country gain access higher levels of nurse training regardless their location. As a result this allowed these institutions create tailor-made degree tracks that gave them competitive advantages when competing against other similar ones while also allowing them cater towards different areas specializations better than ever before such as critical care or pediatrics .
Both trends are still very much present today though advancements have been made since then such as creating accelerated bachelor’s degrees making it faster obtain qualifications without sacrificing quality instruction . Nevertheless both trends remain prominent due great success rate associated with them since inception due ease enrollment , cost effectiveness , geographic flexibility , specialized curriculum options among other features . Therefore efforts should continue being made towards maintaining strong foundation laid by earlier pioneers ensuring future generations get benefit same level quality instruction previous generations received contributing even further success rate achieved historically..
References
Hess R & Wessels M (2016) A History Of U S‐Based Schools Of Nursing From 1873 To 1950: Journal Of Professional Nursing 32(1): 14–21 doi 10 1016/j profnurs2016 01 002
McLaughlin KA (2018) History And Evolution Of The Nurses Role: Advances In Nursing Science 41(2): 94–111 doi 10 1097 00020659 018 069463
Serafin A et al.(2017) Accelerated Versus Traditional Baccalaureate Programs In Nursing: A Systematic Review: Nurse Education Today 51 : 44–51 doi 10 1016 j nedt 2017 04 004
