Smugglers use a variety of “technologies” to evade
detection. Describe smuggling technologies (also known as techniques, methods,
schemes, etc.) and how these technologies evolve in response to law enforcement
actions. Be creative and be specific because a technology for smuggling exotic pets is
probably very different than the technology for smuggling intellectual property.

Emma R. Bush, Sandra E. Baker, and David W. Macdonald (2014) “Global Trade in Exotic Pets 2006–2012

” in
Conservation Biology, 28(3) 663–676
Use this reading as a resource: read the introduction and conclusions, but don’t spend too much time on

the details, unless they interest you.
L’Hoiry, Xavier Duncan (2013) “Shifting the stuff wasn’t any bother”: Illicit enterprise, tobacco bootlegging

and deconstructing the British government’s cigarette smuggling discourse ” in Trends in Organized

Crime 16: 413- 434.
Pay attention to the lessons learned, especially how smuggling differs from stereotype accounts in fiction.
Ene, C., Uzlău, M., & Cristea, D. (2012). The Economic Impact of Financial Abuse, Financial Crime and

Money
Laundering . Hyperion International Journal of Econophysics & New Economy, 5(1), 147-157.
Give this reading extra time if needed.

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