While the special education teacher typically serves as the case manager and is responsible for coordinating meetings and ensuring laws, policies, and regulations are followed, all teachers should be knowledgeable about the content of Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) so the needs of students with exceptionalities can be met in all academic environments. Understanding how to read an IEP and how the information from the IEP should be used to plan student-specific interactions and instruction is essential for successful professional practice.

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Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.

God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Why IEP Literacy for All Teachers is Essential:

  • Inclusive Environments:
    • Students with IEPs spend varying amounts of time in general education classrooms. All teachers must understand how to provide appropriate accommodations and modifications to ensure these students can access the curriculum and participate fully.
  • Consistency and Collaboration:
    • IEPs are designed to provide a consistent framework for supporting students across all settings. When all teachers understand the IEP, they can work together to reinforce goals and strategies.
  • Meeting Individual Needs:
    • IEPs are individualized. Teachers need to understand the student’s specific needs, strengths, and weaknesses to tailor their instruction effectively.
  • Legal Compliance:
    • While the special education teacher is the case manager, all teachers are responsible for implementing the accommodations and modifications outlined in the IEP. Failure to do so can have legal implications.

Why IEP Literacy for All Teachers is Essential:

  • Inclusive Environments:
    • Students with IEPs spend varying amounts of time in general education classrooms. All teachers must understand how to provide appropriate accommodations and modifications to ensure these students can access the curriculum and participate fully.
  • Consistency and Collaboration:
    • IEPs are designed to provide a consistent framework for supporting students across all settings. When all teachers understand the IEP, they can work together to reinforce goals and strategies.
  • Meeting Individual Needs:
    • IEPs are individualized. Teachers need to understand the student’s specific needs, strengths, and weaknesses to tailor their instruction effectively.
  • Legal Compliance:
    • While the special education teacher is the case manager, all teachers are responsible for implementing the accommodations and modifications outlined in the IEP. Failure to do so can have legal implications.
  • Effective Communication:
    • Understanding IEPs facilitates better communication between general education teachers, special education teachers, parents, and other professionals involved in the student’s education.
  • Student Success:
    • Ultimately, IEP literacy leads to improved student outcomes. When all teachers are on the same page, students with exceptionalities are more likely to achieve their full potential.

Key Components of IEP Literacy for All Teachers:

  • Understanding the IEP Document:
    • Familiarity with the different sections of the IEP, including present levels of performance, goals, accommodations, modifications, and related services.
  • Interpreting Present Levels of Performance (PLOPs):
    • Understanding the student’s current academic and functional abilities.
  • Implementing Accommodations and Modifications:
    • Knowing how to provide the specific supports outlined in the IEP.
  • Understanding Goals and Objectives:
    • Knowing what the student is working towards and how to reinforce those goals in the classroom.
  • Data Collection and Progress Monitoring:
    • Understanding how to collect data on student progress and contribute to progress reports.
  • Communication with the Special Education Teacher:
    • Knowing how to communicate effectively with the case manager and other members of the IEP team.
  • Understanding legal aspects:
    • Basic understanding of IDEA and the rights of students.

Strategies for Promoting IEP Literacy:

  • Professional Development:
    • Provide regular training sessions on IEPs and related topics.
  • Collaborative Meetings:
    • Facilitate meetings between general education teachers and special education teachers to review IEPs and discuss student needs.
  • IEP Summaries:
    • Create concise summaries of IEPs that highlight key information for general education teachers.
  • Online Resources:
    • Provide access to online resources and materials on IEPs.
  • Mentoring and Coaching:
    • Pair experienced teachers with new teachers to provide mentoring and support.
  • Regular reviews of IEPs:
    • Schedule regular reviews of IEPs with general education teachers to ensure the accommodations are being followed, and to answer any questions.
  • Open communication:
    • Create an environment where open communication about IEPs is encouraged.

By prioritizing IEP literacy, schools can create more inclusive and supportive learning environments for all students.

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