Discuss the current stages of technological development from 20th and 21st centuries and their impact on social change.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Technological Development: Shaping Social Change in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Introduction
Technological advancements have been a driving force behind social change throughout history. The 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed remarkable leaps in technological development, profoundly influencing various aspects of human life. This essay will explore the current stages of technological development in these two centuries and discuss their impact on social change.
The 20th Century: Industrialization and Information Age
The 20th century witnessed two major stages of technological development that significantly impacted social change.
Industrialization: The advent of industrialization in the late 18th century and its subsequent advancements in the 20th century brought about transformative changes in manufacturing and transportation. The introduction of mass production techniques, powered by steam and later electricity, revolutionized industries and led to unprecedented economic growth. Industrialization also resulted in urbanization, as people migrated from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities. This shift in population and workforce dynamics led to profound social changes, including the formation of labor movements, the fight for workers’ rights, and the emergence of the middle class.
Information Age: The later half of the 20th century witnessed the rise of the Information Age, marked by rapid advancements in computing and telecommunications technologies. The development of computers, the internet, and digital communication revolutionized information sharing, connectivity, and access to knowledge. These advancements transformed various sectors, including communication, business, education, and entertainment. The Information Age enabled globalization, breaking down geographical barriers and connecting individuals worldwide. It also facilitated the emergence of new industries and job opportunities, such as software development and data analysis.
The 21st Century: Digital Revolution and Artificial Intelligence
The 21st century has seen further stages of technological development that continue to shape social change.
Digital Revolution: The proliferation of digital technologies has transformed society in profound ways. The widespread adoption of smartphones, social media platforms, and online services has revolutionized communication, entertainment, and commerce. Digital platforms have provided individuals with new avenues for self-expression, activism, and entrepreneurship. They have also facilitated the sharing of information and ideas on a global scale, leading to social movements and increased awareness about various issues.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): The rapid advancements in AI have unleashed a new era of technological development. AI systems have become increasingly sophisticated, capable of performing tasks that were previously exclusive to human intelligence. This technology has impacted various sectors, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and manufacturing. AI-driven automation has led to significant changes in the workforce landscape, with concerns about job displacement and the need for re-skilling becoming prominent. Furthermore, AI raises ethical considerations regarding privacy, bias, and accountability.
Impact on Social Change
The stages of technological development in the 20th and 21st centuries have had profound impacts on social change.
Economic Transformation: Technological advancements have reshaped economies, leading to changes in employment patterns, income distribution, and economic inequality. Industrialization created new jobs but also brought exploitation and labor struggles. The Information Age and digital revolution have given rise to new industries while disrupting traditional ones. These changes necessitate adaptations in education systems, workforce training programs, and social safety nets to ensure inclusivity and equal opportunities.
Connectivity and Globalization: Technological developments have connected people across borders, promoting cultural exchange, collaboration, and awareness of global issues. Social media platforms have played a crucial role in organizing social movements and spreading information rapidly. However, they have also given rise to challenges such as misinformation, cyberbullying, and invasion of privacy.
Education and Knowledge Access: Technological advancements have democratized access to information and education. Online learning platforms enable individuals to access educational resources regardless of their location or socioeconomic background. This increased access to knowledge has the potential to reduce educational disparities and foster social mobility.
Ethical Considerations: The rapid pace of technological development raises ethical concerns that need careful consideration. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and job displacement require proactive regulation and societal discourse to ensure that technology benefits all members of society.
Conclusion
Technological development has played a vital role in shaping social change throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. From industrialization to the Information Age, and now into the digital revolution and AI era, each stage has brought about significant transformations in various aspects of human life. These advancements have impacted economies, connectivity, education, and ethics. While technological progress holds immense potential for positive change, it is crucial for society to navigate the challenges it presents with thoughtful consideration to ensure that these developments contribute to a more equitable and inclusive future for all.
