The age of nation-states
• States (governments) have existed for as much as 7,000 years. What is the broad history of states (governments)?
• What functions does the nation-state perform in the culture of capitalism? To what extent is this different from history’s previous versions of states (governments)?
Part Two
• 1) How has the nation-state been constructed from the standpoint of social engineering, including as discussed in “The history of racist colonial violence …” and previous readings? 2) How does this pertain to the history of racial and ethnic relations—not only in the U.S. but also elsewhere—including slavery, genocide and oppression, immigration, and forms of racial-ethnic oppression in general.
• What is the history of redlining and racial covenants in the U.S., and what have been their consequences for racial inequality?
In the culture of capitalism, states are responsible for providing legal framework within which economic activities take place thus maintaining social order protecting people’s rights ensuring fair competition within marketplace mentioned Waldron 2019 . This differs significantly states prior capitalism primarily because nation-states no longer function just representatives political interests ruling class but instead become mediators class conflicts extending services population more generally noted by Howard & McAndrew 2019 .
From standpoint social engineering state constructed various means control peoples lives since inception enforcing oppressive laws serve interests powerful across generations cited Brown 2005 .This pertains history racial ethnic relations not only US also elsewhere form slavery oppression genocides immigration policies mentioned earlier all being used oppress subjugate other groups furthering inequality throughout world referenced Cox 2020.
Part two tackling issue redlining racial covenants start United States going back early 1900s where banks insurance companies use these practices deny certain groups access resources needed establish build communities educational opportunities healthcare facilities etc., thus maintaining existing structure racial hierarchy Martin 2017.