The general subject topic of your paper:
Choice of evils
While you are primarily addressing the topic selected, you may want to discuss or expand on a topic presented in the textbook, a case dealing with the subject, or a current event from the news or Internet, and present your viewpoint or perspective on that item as it relates to the issue present in your chosen topic
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
The Ethical Dilemma: The Choice of Evils
Introduction
Ethical dilemmas are an inherent part of our daily lives, as we are often faced with difficult decisions that require us to choose between two or more undesirable options. One such dilemma is known as the “choice of evils,” where individuals must make a decision between two morally problematic actions. This essay explores the concept of the choice of evils, its ethical implications, and how individuals can navigate these dilemmas.
Understanding the Choice of Evils
The choice of evils, also known as the lesser of two evils, occurs when individuals are confronted with two or more morally objectionable options but are compelled to choose one. This moral predicament arises when individuals are limited by circumstances that force them to make decisions that may result in harm or negative consequences, regardless of their choice.
The Ethical Implications
The choice of evils raises significant ethical questions and challenges our moral compass. The very act of having to choose between two undesirable options forces us to consider which option is the least harmful or damaging. This decision-making process can be mentally and emotionally taxing, as individuals grapple with the potential consequences of their actions.
Utilitarian Perspective
One way to approach the choice of evils is through a utilitarian perspective, which focuses on maximizing overall happiness or minimizing overall harm. Utilitarianism suggests that individuals should choose the option that brings about the greatest good for the greatest number of people, even if it means compromising some ethical principles.
For instance, imagine a scenario where a government must decide whether to censor certain information to prevent panic during a crisis. Although censorship violates the principles of freedom of speech, the government may argue that it is necessary to maintain social order and prevent widespread unrest.
Deontological Perspective
On the other hand, a deontological perspective would argue that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their consequences. From this viewpoint, choosing the lesser of two evils may still be considered morally objectionable because it requires individuals to compromise their ethical principles.
For example, in a medical setting, a doctor may be faced with a choice between two treatments, both of which have potential harmful side effects. While one treatment may cause less harm than the other, a deontological perspective would argue that both options are morally problematic since they involve causing harm to patients.
Navigating the Choice of Evils
Navigating the choice of evils requires careful consideration and reflection. Here are some strategies that can help individuals when faced with such dilemmas:
Evaluate the potential consequences: Consider the short-term and long-term effects of each option and weigh the potential harms against one another.
Seek alternative solutions: Explore alternative courses of action that may mitigate or avoid the harmful consequences altogether.
Consult ethical frameworks: Utilize ethical theories such as utilitarianism or deontological principles to guide decision-making.
Seek advice and input: Engage in discussions with trusted individuals who can provide different perspectives and help illuminate potential blind spots.
Reflect on personal values: Consider your own values and principles and how they align with each option, allowing them to guide your decision-making process.
Conclusion
The choice of evils presents us with challenging ethical dilemmas where we must make difficult decisions with potentially harmful consequences. It forces us to confront our values and principles while navigating complex situations. By considering various ethical perspectives and employing strategies for decision-making, individuals can approach these dilemmas with thoughtfulness and integrity. Ultimately, the choice of evils compels us to recognize the complexity of morality and the importance of making decisions that align with our deepest convictions.
