The Market for Rental Housing: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Pros and Cons

by | Oct 24, 2023 | economics

 

Part I – (this draws on opportunity cost (Ch 1) and markets (Ch 3)).
• Describe the market for rental housing, as it would be in a free market without government intervention, using what you have learned about scarcity, marginal analysis in decision-making, and markets. You must include a discussion of resources, supply and demand, as well as marginal benefits and marginal costs. Think of this as an explanation of the pros and cons of the market, using specific economic terminology and concepts learned in this course.
• Describe the benefits and costs using a graph, but leave the discussion of rent control and other solutions to the problems in the housing market for the next part. Describe this market using the supply and demand graphical model; reference your graph in your description.
Include “graph 1” of this market at the end of the paper in an appendix (not included in page count). This should be a discussion without mentioning Price Controls, only discuss how the rental housing market is without government intervention. Feel free to use any stats or data that you find through your own research – make sure you use multiple different economic terms from key concepts in chapters 1 and 3 throughout this part of the paper or you will not earn a complete on this assignment. Each individual student is required to determine what graph they would like to use in their analysis to describe the situation above; the graph can be created by the students or found through other sources as long as proper citation in provided.
Part II – (this draws on government (Ch 4) to improve the discussion made in Part I).
Consider the reasons why the market for rental housing is not a free market in all areas of the US. Be sure to specifically discuss equity concerns as well as other implications for the economy. Expand on your discussion of the market from Part I, using what you have learned about government interventions and price controls.
• Discuss current government-mandated rent control in the rental housing market in parts of the U.S. Describe this market – comparing the free market and rent control in a graph – add to the supply and demand graphical model “graph 1” OR include a separate supply and demand graphical model “graph 2” or you Will not earn a complete on this assignment; reference and discuss your graph in your paper.
Explain rent control and exactly how it corrects the problems of the free market. Include any other beneficial aspects of the intervention that you find through your own research – make sure you use multiple different economic terms from key concepts in chapter 4 throughout this part of the paper or you will not earn a complete on this assignment. Each individual student is required to determine what graph they would like to use in their analysis to describe the situation above: the graph can be created by the students or found through other sources as long as proper citation in provided.
• Also discuss other ways the government intervenes in the rental housing markets in the US or elsewhere in the world (other than rent control). You do not need to add a graph here. Explore the policies that are currently implemented across the country and the globe (some discussed in the articles include housing vouchers, tax breaks for builders of low income housing, etc.). Evaluate the limitations of these policies. Also consider how these policies fare in terms of the efficiency vs. equity debate. (You do not need to critique them all just select from 2 or 3 different cities or countries that you find interesting/appealing.)

 

 

 

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Sample Answer

Sample Answer

 

Title: The Market for Rental Housing: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Pros and Cons

Introduction:
The market for rental housing plays a crucial role in meeting the housing needs of individuals and families across the United States. In a free market without government intervention, the rental housing market operates based on the principles of scarcity, marginal analysis, and supply and demand. This essay aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the market for rental housing, examining its benefits and costs using economic concepts and terminology. Additionally, it will delve into government interventions, such as rent control and other policies implemented in the US and other countries, evaluating their effectiveness and limitations.

Part I: The Free Market for Rental Housing
In a free market for rental housing, without government intervention, the dynamics of scarcity, marginal analysis, and supply and demand come into play.

Resources:

Land, buildings, and capital are essential resources for rental housing.
The availability and accessibility of these resources determine the quantity and quality of rental properties.

Supply and Demand:

The supply of rental housing is determined by factors such as the construction rate, renovation activities, and property owners’ decisions.
Demand is driven by factors such as population growth, migration patterns, and economic conditions.
The interaction between supply and demand sets the equilibrium rental price.

Marginal Benefits and Marginal Costs:

Prospective tenants evaluate the marginal benefits of each rental unit based on factors like location, amenities, and affordability.
Property owners assess the marginal costs of providing additional units, considering factors like construction costs, property management expenses, and potential profits.

Graph 1: Supply and Demand Model (Appendix)

The graph illustrates the equilibrium rental price determined by the intersection of supply and demand.
It demonstrates how the market operates efficiently to allocate rental housing resources based on consumer preferences and producer costs.

Part II: Government Interventions in Rental Housing
Despite the efficiency of a free market, various factors necessitate government interventions in the rental housing market. These interventions aim to address equity concerns and other implications for the economy.

Rent Control:

Rent control is a government-mandated policy that limits how much landlords can charge for rent.
Graph 2: Supply and Demand Model with Rent Control (Appendix)The graph compares the free market equilibrium with the rent-controlled equilibrium.
Rent control reduces the rental price below the market equilibrium.
While it benefits tenants by ensuring affordable housing, it results in decreased investment in new rental units, reduced maintenance, and decreased rental housing supply over time.

Other Government Interventions:

Housing Vouchers: These subsidies provide financial assistance to low-income individuals or families to help them afford rental housing.
Tax Breaks for Low-Income Housing Builders: These incentives encourage developers to construct affordable housing units.
Limitations: While these policies aim to increase access to affordable housing, they may create unintended consequences such as market distortions, administrative burdens, and limited effectiveness in addressing overall housing shortages.

Conclusion:
The market for rental housing operates efficiently in a free market environment, with supply and demand determining the equilibrium rental price. However, various government interventions, including rent control and other policies like housing vouchers or tax breaks, aim to address equity concerns. While these interventions have their advantages, they also come with limitations that need to be carefully considered. Striking a balance between efficiency and equity remains a challenge in achieving an optimal rental housing market that meets the diverse needs of individuals and promotes economic growth.

 

 

 

 

 

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