The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient

BN is a 74-year-old African American male who is seeing his PCP because he noticed when he woke up that his “heart was not beating right; it feels like it is going to slow.” He denies chest pain, SOB, N/V. He notes feeling dizzy earlier in the day. 6 weeks earlier his PCP started him on Diltiazem CD to further lower his BP to goal. His Metoprolol was lowered at that time as well from 75 mg to 50 mg BID. His PCP recommends he be admitted to the hospital. Upon presentation to the hospital: PMH: HTN x 7 years Type II DM CAD s/p angioplasty 2 years ago MI 3 years ago EF = 60% PVD s/p left femoral to posterior bypass Hx of A Fib x 4 years Medications: Digoxin 0.25 mg QD KCl 40 mEq QD Vitamin C 500 mg QD Diltiazem CD 180 mg QD ASA EC 325 mg QD Vitamin E 400 IU QD Metoprolol 50 mg BID Warfarin 5 mg QD Ibuprofen 200 mg 2 tabs prn headache Lisinopril 20 mg QD Imdur 30 mg QD HCTZ 12.5 mg QD Humalog 8u with meals Lantus 26u QHS Ca++/Vit D 500mg/200 IU BID Famotidine 20 mg QHS Multivitamin QD PE: BP 110/50 Pulse 38 bpm Resp 14/min Rest of the physical exam was unremarkable Labs: K+ 6.9 Na+ 135 Cr 1.9 BUN 35 Gluc 102 Dig 2.78 INR 2.3 WBC 5,800/mm3 Hct 35% -Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned. -Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples. -Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended improvements.