Here are the answers to your questions about research:
1. Institutional Review Board (IRB): An IRB’s purpose is to protect human subjects involved in research by reviewing and approving research protocols to ensure ethical conduct.
2. Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning: Deductive reasoning starts with a theory and tests it with data, while inductive reasoning observes data to form a theory.
3. Disadvantages of Convenience Sampling: Convenience samples are easy to recruit, but they may not be representative of the target population, limiting generalizability of findings.
4. Data Collection Method Example: Surveys are a common method for gathering data from a large group of people, often using questionnaires.
5. Internal vs. External Validity: Internal validity refers to the strength of a study’s design in ensuring that the observed effects are due to the independent variable. External validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized to other populations and settings.
6. Grounded Theory Research: Grounded theory aims to generate a theory from data by analyzing patterns and themes. It’s best used when little is known about a phenomenon, and it seeks to understand the meaning and experience of a phenomenon from the perspective of participants.
7. Usable Knowledge in Research for Clinical Practice: Nurses can determine usable knowledge by evaluating the study’s:
* Quality: Was the study well-designed and conducted?
* Relevance: Are the findings applicable to their patient population and clinical setting?
* Strength of Evidence: Are the findings statistically significant and supported by the data?
