What is the purpose and function of an institutional review board?
What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in research?
What are disadvantages of a convenience sample?
Give one example of a data collection method (surveys, interviews, focus groups, etc.)
What is the difference between internal and external validity?
What is grounded theory research and how is it used best?
How does a nurse know what (if any) knowledge in a research study is usable for clinical practice?.
Ans all these question in few sentences
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Here are the answers to your questions about research:
1. Institutional Review Board (IRB): An IRB’s purpose is to protect human subjects involved in research by reviewing and approving research protocols to ensure ethical conduct.
2. Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning: Deductive reasoning starts with a theory and tests it with data, while inductive reasoning observes data to form a theory.
3. Disadvantages of Convenience Sampling: Convenience samples are easy to recruit, but they may not be representative of the target population, limiting generalizability of findings.
4. Data Collection Method Example: Surveys are a common method for gathering data from a large group of people, often using questionnaires.
5. Internal vs. External Validity: Internal validity refers to the strength of a study’s design in ensuring that the observed effects are due to the independent variable. External validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized to other populations and settings.
6. Grounded Theory Research: Grounded theory aims to generate a theory from data by analyzing patterns and themes. It’s best used when little is known about a phenomenon, and it seeks to understand the meaning and experience of a phenomenon from the perspective of participants.
7. Usable Knowledge in Research for Clinical Practice: Nurses can determine usable knowledge by evaluating the study’s:
* Quality: Was the study well-designed and conducted?
* Relevance: Are the findings applicable to their patient population and clinical setting?
* Strength of Evidence: Are the findings statistically significant and supported by the data?
