The running race and affirmative action

These differences do not necessarily undermine Himma’s argument – rather they demonstrate why affirmative action may be necessary in some cases: because it allows for social justice where it otherwise would not exist due to centuries of discrimination against marginalized groups. However, this does not mean that all forms of affirmative action should remain unchallenged; there have been numerous instances where such policies have had unintended negative consequences – particularly when those who benefit from them are unable to compete without special considerations being made for their background. This means that careful consideration must be given when evaluating whether a particular policy is fair and justifiable before implementing it. Ultimately then, while Himma’s argument provides an important reminder that societies should strive towards equal opportunities regardless of group backgrounds/identities, we must also recognize that sometimes unfairness has already been embedded in existing systems and therefore might require more targeted interventions than simply allowing everyone equal access — at least until equality has been achieved across all sectors through greater educational reform or economic policies designed specifically to help those suffering from past injustice over time.

Sample Solution

The differences between the case of the running race and the case of affirmative action are stark. The former involves a situation in which no intervention is taken to ensure fairness; any contestant can participate, and whoever runs fastest will be declared the winner. In contrast, affirmative action refers to an intervention taken by governments or other organizations to promote increased representation of certain groups in fields such as education or employment. Specifically, affirmative action policies seek to remedy historical oppression through preferential hiring practices (such as setting quotas) or granting additional points on entrance exams for underrepresented minorities/groups.