Question 1
Tatiana
The target population is sexually active individuals, such as those who have achieved eighteen years and older. HPV is transmitted through vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Approximately 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV, and about 14 million individuals are infected each year (HPV: Causes, testing, treatment & prevention, n.d.). In addition, in the US, 80 percent of sexually active men and women are infected with HPV at some point in their lives.
However, most individuals never know they have the virus (HPV: Causes, testing, treatment & prevention, n.d.). HPV affects the genitals; hence, both men and women can get HPV. In men, genital warts appear on the penis, scrotum, and groin region or around the anus. Diagnosis in men is made when external genital warts are seen. In women, HPV affects the areas around the vagina, anus, vulva, groin, and cervix.
Planning an HPV prevention program needs the policy officials to consider available evidence carefully, existing uncertainties, including the cost-effectiveness of mass vaccination programs based on the respective regions (Isidean et al., 2015). In addition, primary prevention strategies with secondary prevention efforts should be organized and put in place. Continuous surveillance and research on HPV vaccination will be important to help fill gaps in current knowledge
Yirlem
HPV is often described as one of the most common STIs in America. HPV has been linked with penile, vaginal, vulvar, and anal cancers. One of the most frequent ways of getting infected is by having unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse. Although HPV can be successfully suppressed by the immune systems of most people infected, its long-term effects on a person’s health are unpredictable. Human papillomavirus is one of the most common STIs in America, does not mean that it is safe for all infected. However, there are preventative measures that could mediate the consequences of HPV infection.
1.Developing a planned community health project to decrease the incidence of the human papillomavirus should involve targeting people at elevated risk of suffering from its short- and long-term effects on their health. According to the review by Dempsey, there are numerous biologically based and behaviorally based risk factors, and people in the age range between 15 and 25 tend to have HPV most commonly (Dempsey, 2008). Thus, people from age 15 to 25 should be the targeted population for the HPV prevention programs.
2.Planning an HPV prevention program should include:
· Awareness of how the disease is transmitted.
· Its commonality among the targeted age group.
· Ways to suppress human papillomavirus infection through vaccination at the recommended age.
Q2
Tatiana
My neighbor has recently traveled to an area where there is a risk for Zika virus disease. She has experienced tiredness for the last two days, headache, a rash, and not feeling like eating, including a low-grade fever. These signs and symptoms suggest that she could have been exposed to infected Aedes species mosquito, which bites during the data and night.
Normally symptoms occur 2 to 7 days following an Aedes mosquito bite. The symptoms are generally mild and include conjunctivitis, rash, fever, muscle and joint pain, and headache or malaise (Rasmussen, & Jamieson, 2020). Zika virus infection in pregnancy can cause infants to be born with microcephaly and congenital Zika syndrome. Also, infection with the Zika virus is associated with other pregnancy complications such as miscarriage and preterm birth.
There is no specific treatment for infection with the Zika virus (Meaney-Delman et al., 2016). Symptoms are normally mild; hence, to help relieve symptoms, I would give her acetaminophen to help relieve fever and headache (Zika virus, 2018). I would also advise her to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and get plenty of rest. Management of mild symptoms will help prevent deterioration of the symptoms.
Yirlem
Zika Virus often spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. One of the risk factors for the Zika virus is traveling to places where there have been outbreaks of the disease. Since the neighbor had traveled to an area where there is a potential risk of the disease, she was exposed to the virus.
There is a likelihood that the lady was bitten by an infected Aedes species mosquito carrying the virus (Demarco & Herley-Walsh, 2020). When the lady was tested for vital signs and symptoms, the results indicated that she had a low-grade fever, fatigue, rash, and loss of appetite (Demarco & Herley-Walsh, 2020). The results of her diagnosis match the signs and symptoms of the Zika virus infection. Although the neighbor seems to be exposed, the infections seem to be at an early stage.
I would advise the neighbor to seek medical intervention from a trained doctor. She should do more tests to ascertain if the fetus is also infected. Pregnant women infected with the virus have an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirths; thus, the neighbor should take immediate measures to reduce the risks the virus poses to the fetus (Kobinger & Marton, 2020).
Sample Solution