The two-sample t-test is one of the most commonly used hypothesis tests in Six Sigma, a methodology for
process improvements, work. It is applied to compare whether the average difference between two groups is
really significant or if it is due instead to random chance. Select an application of the two-sample t-test and
describe how it was justified to use the t-test for this particular application. Describe what the P-value of the 2-
sample t-test of your example in part (1) means. Note that you are not being asked to provide a general
definition of the P-value in hypothesis testing problems. You are being asked to interpret the P-value in the
context of the particular example that you have selected.
Sample Solution