The U.S. Constitution affords citizens various rights and freedoms
The U.S. Constitution affords citizens various rights and freedoms. These include freedom of religion, freedom from unreasonable search and seizures, and the right to equal justice. As upholders of the Constitution, police officers swear an oath to uphold people’s Constitutional rights as they perform their duties to prevent, reduce, and address criminal activities.Of the 27 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, four amendments in particular pertain to the criminal justice process:
The Fourth Amendment prevents unreasonable searches and seizures.
The Fifth Amendment affords people various rights in criminal and civil proceedings. Examples include the right to a grand jury and due process. It also allows people to protect themselves from self-incrimination, and it prohibits double jeopardy
The Sixth Amendment guarantees various rights to criminal defendants, such as the right to a speedy trial, a lawyer, and an impartial jury. It also guarantees defendants the right to know who their accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against them.
The Eighth Amendment prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments.
In this assignment, you will be asked to:
Explain the meaning and importance of these four amendments.
Illustrate with an example how the amendment applies to a player and a step in the criminal justice process.
Illustrate with an example, from case law or contemporary articles, of how the amendment applies to the particular player and step in the criminal justice process.
reactions from readers as opposed to a contemporary novel like Wallflower. Stories about people (especially adolescents) discovering a part of themselves that they have never known, literary or mainstream, may have similar premises of childhood and adolescense, but they seem to omit differing emotions to readers because of literary elements that change how the reader thinks about the novel. In this way, the contemporary setting of the 21st century has changed the viewpoints of millennial audiences in reading fiction through historical changes, their presentations of conflict, and their language and grammar.
First of all, the historical movements and events of our time have always affected the way we tell our stories and the internal and external struggles of the protagonists in those stories that correspond with the events. Stories have always been a response to the modern times. As the times, industries and modalities change, so do the stories. To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in the 1930’s, a period of economic turmoil in the Great Depression. In addition, the racial tension in the time period that affects the main conflict of the story in a black man’s rxxe trial, also a prominent presence throughout the story. Harper Lee’s rich, well-fleshed out characters are deeply influenced by the time period, so reading about an era several decades ago can give the reader an insight of what the time period was like, but can also make it very hard to connect with the external struggles of these characters living in a time that we cannot genuinely know what is like. The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Stephen Chbosky’s high school coming-of-age story, takes place in a more modern new era of cliques and teen social structures, and through this viewpoint, we see our protagonist Charlie’s discoveries about friendship that he makes throughout the story be very similar to our own. These characters can be more relatable for readers since the protagonists are teens living in a generation adjacent to ours, so their situations and stories can be elevated to a level of emotion that Mockingbird cannot, through its scenarios that are very reminiscent of the real world. In Wallflower, there is one primary factor of the historical context of the novel, however, that keeps it from having the wide-reaching connection between the author and the reader. Paper Towns, a novel by contemporary teen coming-of-age writer John Green, may have the most deep-rooted connection with the reader when reading it due to the story and characters taking place in our own generation – the era of technology. The use of technology in the novel as an incitement of conflict, causing endless chaos, is very reminiscent of our generation and its unique qualities, so I think this novel may just be the most exciting to read because of these undeniably relatable or even nostalgic settings and situations. This further proves my statement that the settings in coming-of-age stories have a powerful impact on the reader’s emotional investment in the story.
The presentation of conflict in these novels also impact the reader’s reaction to the story and characters. In both literary and mainstream novels, conflict arises, but will be presented in a way that is more apparent and less nuanced in mainstream novels than it would be presented in strict literary fiction. In To Kill a Mockingbird, near the climax of the novel, Atticus Finch tells his family that “They shot him [Tom Robinson]. They say he just broke into a blind raving charge at the fence and started climbing over.” (Lee 268) In a novel about a child’s loss of innocence, this was one of the most powerful examples of injustice and inequality, but
Sample Solution
The four amendments to the US Constitution are: The Fourth Amendment (protection against unreasonable search and seizure); the Fifth Amendment (protection against self-incrimination); the Sixth Amendment (the right to a speedy and public trial); and the Eighth Amendment (prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment).
For example, according to the Fourth amendment, police officers must have a valid warrant before entering a private residence or conducting a search. This was illustrated in an article published by Digital Media Law Project which described how in 2016, an Oregon man was able to successfully challenge his arrest after it was found that officers had conducted an illegal search on his home without having obtained a warrant beforehand.
The Fifth amendment also protects individuals from self-incrimination. This can be seen in Miranda v Arizona where it was determined that statements made to authorities while being detained must be voluntary if they are going to be used as evidence during criminal proceedings.
The Sixth amendment entitles citizens accused of crimes with certain rights such as being informed of all charges against them, having access to legal counsel during their trial, attending any witnesses who will testify on their behalf etc. An example of this is United States v McCoy where it was ruled that defendants should not only be given adequate representation but also one who has sufficient time for preparation prior to court proceedings .
Finally - The Eighth amendment forbids the use of excessive bail fines or torturous punishments those found guilty whichever way .. Most recently Supreme Court decided 2018 landmark case Reaser harsh sentence handed down unemployed poor black man convicted carrying firearm illegally despite him never using weapon nor harming anyone himself indicating jury’s decision likely based upon bias rather than actual law ...