There are four main victimization theories

by | Oct 20, 2024 | Essays

There are four main victimization theories (listed below) as to why people become victims. Your assignment is to choose ONE (only one) of the four and explain the theory in your own words. You must also provide at least two examples of your chosen theory. no less than 250 words, non APA format. If you have any questions contact your instructor.

Victimization Theories (choose one):

1. Victim Precipitation Theory

2. Lifestyle Theory

3. Deviant Place Theory

4. Routine Activities Theory

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Lifestyle Theory of Victimization

The Lifestyle Theory of Victimization posits that individuals’ lifestyles and behaviors significantly influence their likelihood of becoming victims of crime. This theory suggests that certain lifestyles increase the risk of victimization, while others decrease it.

Key factors that contribute to victimization according to Lifestyle Theory:

  • High-Risk Lifestyles: Individuals who engage in risky behaviors, such as substance abuse, associating with criminals, or frequenting high-crime areas, are more likely to become victims.
  • Target Vulnerability: Certain individuals may be more vulnerable to victimization due to their physical characteristics (e.g., age, gender, physical disability) or social status (e.g., being a stranger in a new environment).
  • Opportunity Structure: The availability of opportunities for crime can also influence victimization. Areas with high levels of crime, poverty, and social disorder may provide more opportunities for victimization.

Lifestyle Theory of Victimization

The Lifestyle Theory of Victimization posits that individuals’ lifestyles and behaviors significantly influence their likelihood of becoming victims of crime. This theory suggests that certain lifestyles increase the risk of victimization, while others decrease it.

Key factors that contribute to victimization according to Lifestyle Theory:

  • High-Risk Lifestyles: Individuals who engage in risky behaviors, such as substance abuse, associating with criminals, or frequenting high-crime areas, are more likely to become victims.
  • Target Vulnerability: Certain individuals may be more vulnerable to victimization due to their physical characteristics (e.g., age, gender, physical disability) or social status (e.g., being a stranger in a new environment).
  • Opportunity Structure: The availability of opportunities for crime can also influence victimization. Areas with high levels of crime, poverty, and social disorder may provide more opportunities for victimization.

Examples of Lifestyle Theory:

  1. College Students and Property Crimes: College students who frequent parties, consume alcohol, and leave their belongings unattended may be more likely to become victims of theft or burglary.
  2. Homeless Individuals and Violent Crime: Homeless individuals may be at a higher risk of victimization due to their vulnerable circumstances and limited access to resources. They may be more likely to be targeted for robbery, assault, or other violent crimes.

Lifestyle Theory emphasizes the importance of individual choices and behaviors in shaping the risk of victimization. By understanding these factors, individuals can take steps to reduce their vulnerability and increase their safety.

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