Toll gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

by | Mar 14, 2023 | Economics

 

 

Research the discovery of the original Toll gene in Drosophila melanogaster.
Tell us about the researchers, and their original findings.
What is Toll’s actual function in the fruit fly?
Why was this discovery so significant?
What are your thoughts regarding this discovery?

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Sample Solution

The discovery of the Toll gene in Drosophila melanogaster began with a research team from Harvard University, led by geneticists Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus. The researchers used mutation experiments on fruit fly embryos to search for genes involved in development, eventually isolating the gene that would become known as “Toll”. Through this process, they discovered that the Toll gene is responsible for controlling the immune responses of fruit flies and affects specific organs within their bodies.

Sample Solution

The discovery of the Toll gene in Drosophila melanogaster began with a research team from Harvard University, led by geneticists Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus. The researchers used mutation experiments on fruit fly embryos to search for genes involved in development, eventually isolating the gene that would become known as “Toll”. Through this process, they discovered that the Toll gene is responsible for controlling the immune responses of fruit flies and affects specific organs within their bodies.

The Toll gene plays an important role in protecting fruit flies against bacterial infections. When it is expressed at low levels, the cells of affected tissues initiate an inflammatory response to attack bacteria; if expressed too highly or too often, however, it can induce apoptosis (cell death) which could lead to developmental defects or even death of the fruit fly. This finding was significant because it provided insight into how organisms fight off infection through evolutionary adaptations such as natural selection. Additionally, subsequent studies have revealed that Toll-like receptors exist throughout all species of animals – not just insects – demonstrating its importance both biologically and evolutionarily.

I find this discovery particularly interesting because I believe it highlights our capacity for understanding complex biological systems like immunity. Understanding how these mechanisms work gives us new ways to develop treatments for diseases caused by infectious agents – which has already been seen in medical advances such as antibiotics and vaccines! It also shows us how organisms adapt over time due to environmental pressures like disease; this phenomenon can provide clues about other evolutionary processes such as speciation and adaptation.

Overall, I think that the discovery of the Toll gene provides us with invaluable knowledge about biology and evolution which can be applied both medically and scientifically moving forward.

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