Both clinical (involving humans) and basic science (often involving animals or cells) research are critical in the development of new treatments for various disorders or for understanding normal physiological or pathophysiological (disease) processes. Therefore, the purpose of your final paper is to explore ethical issues surrounding clinical and basic science research.
- A historical overview of ethical violations and the creation of policies and laws:
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/timeline/index.cfm (Links to an external site.) and http://www.cgu.edu/pages/1722.asp (Links to an external site.) - Visit ASU’s website on the use of human subjects in research: http://researchintegrity.asu.edu/humans (Links to an external site.)- be sure to visit the sections on “Ethical codes” (Note: Once you access the ASU Research and Assurance website, on the far right-hand side of the page under Protecting Human Rights, there you will find the Ethical Codes).
- What makes clinical research ethical: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=192740 (Links to an external site.). (An alternative for students is to search for the article using the library link in Canvas, which will bring you to the search box, or you can access the library directly by going to https://lib.asu.edu/ (Links to an external site.). I did find the article in the ASU library resource).
Required Reading/Viewing: Animal (Basic Science) Research - Overview: Be sure to review the various links for overviews of current policies and laws governing the use of animals in research.
Why do we use animals in research? (Links to an external site.)
Animal Research Laboratory (Links to an external site.)
Dispelling myths around animal research (Links to an external site.)
http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/ (Links to an external site.) - How to become familiar with the misconceptions as well as to explore medical breakthroughs through animal research: http://www. understandinganimalresearch. org.uk/?gclid= CKDJiPbOlMECFQOSfgodvJgAwg (Links to an external site.)
- Visit ASU’s website on the use of animals in research at the university: http://researchintegrity.asu.edu/animals (Links to an external site.)
- Find examples of discoveries that have helped humans and animals that resulted from animal research: http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/resources/animal-research-news-feed/ (Links to an external site.) and http://www.animalresearch.info/en/ (Links to an external site.)
- View information on numbers of animals and types of animals used; example here is the UK)- contrary to popular belief we actually consume more animals as food in the United States annually than are used for research…think about how many chickens it takes to make a 12-piece family chicken bucket meal. Also, the vast majority of research is conducted using rodents, not monkeys, contrary to some claims. It is important to keep in mind that the health and well-being of the animals is extremely important in medical research as any stress or illness would negatively affect the outcome of the research. http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/the-animals/ (Links to an external site.)
- You might also find this NIH website on the timeline of laws regulating human and animal research useful in your writing: http://history.nih.gov/about/timelines.html (Links to an external site.)
- Click here to view the Ethics Research Paper Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)
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