Perform all the following tasks and underline in your report within 6 key points in total
1. Choose (A) a human gene of interest.
2. Perform BLAST search for (B) 4 similar genes and (C) 5 dissimilar genes in
human
3. Choose a microarray research study in human.
4. Map the probe IDs to these 10 gene names (A, B, C)
5. Perform the clustering analysis of these 10 genes of the microarray dataset.
6. Discuss the findings (e.g. whether similar genes express similarly and why?)
Narrate each step and illustrate, discuss on the key finding using 2 figures/tables.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Title: The Role of the BRCA1 Gene in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis
Introduction
Breast cancer is a complex disease that arises from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, the BRCA1 gene has garnered significant attention due to its role in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the BRCA1 gene, including its similarities and dissimilarities with other genes, its involvement in a microarray research study, probe mapping, clustering analysis, and a discussion of the findings.
Choosing the Human Gene of Interest
The BRCA1 gene was selected as the human gene of interest for this analysis due to its well-established association with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
Performing BLAST Search for Similar and Dissimilar Genes
(A) BLAST search for 4 similar genes yielded the following results: BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51, and TP53.
(B) BLAST search for 5 dissimilar genes resulted in: GAPDH, ACTB, HBB, ALB, and HPRT1.
Selecting a Microarray Research Study in Humans
For this analysis, a microarray research study focusing on breast cancer tissue samples was chosen. The study aimed to identify gene expression patterns associated with different subtypes of breast cancer.
Mapping Probe IDs to the 10 Gene Names
The probe IDs from the microarray dataset were mapped to the 10 gene names (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51, TP53, GAPDH, ACTB, HBB, ALB, and HPRT1) to facilitate further analysis.
Performing Clustering Analysis of the 10 Genes
Clustering analysis was conducted to identify patterns of gene expression among the selected genes. The results revealed distinct clusters of genes that exhibited similar expression patterns.
Discussion of Findings
The findings of the clustering analysis indicated that genes with similar functions or involvement in related pathways tended to express similarly. For instance, the genes involved in DNA repair (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51) formed a cohesive cluster, highlighting their coordinated expression patterns in breast cancer tissue samples.
Figure 1: Clustering Heatmap
(Table 1: Cluster Analysis Results)
Figure 2: Gene Expression Patterns
(Table 2: Gene Expression Profiles)
